PN Adult Medical Surgical Practice Exam

Which assessment finding is most indicative of heart failure?

1. Bradycardia

2. JVD (jugular venous distension)

3. Hypotension

4. Diaphoresis

The correct answer is: JVD (jugular venous distension)

Jugular venous distension (JVD) is a significant clinical finding that suggests right-sided heart failure or fluid overload. In heart failure, the heart's ability to pump effectively is compromised, leading to an accumulation of blood in the venous system. This congestion is reflected in the distension of the jugular veins, as the increased pressure from the right atrium backs up into the jugular veins, making them visibly swollen. Clinically, this finding is important as it provides insight into the volume status of the patient and can indicate the severity of heart failure. Other findings, while they may associate with different cardiac or systemic issues, are less definitive in indicating heart failure. Bradycardia can occur in various conditions, including heart block and certain pharmacological effects, but it does not directly signify heart failure. Hypotension can be seen in many acute and chronic conditions, indicating low blood pressure but not necessarily pointing towards heart failure alone. Diaphoresis, or excessive sweating, can arise from multiple causes such as anxiety, pain, or endocrine issues, and is not specific to heart failure. Therefore, JVD stands out as the most significant indication of heart failure in this context.