PN Adult Medical Surgical Practice Exam

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In case of an anaphylactic reaction, which medication should a nurse prepare to administer immediately?

Antihistamine.
Steroids.
Adrenaline (epinephrine).
Oxygen.

The correct answer is: Adrenaline (epinephrine).

In cases of an anaphylactic reaction, the administration of adrenaline (epinephrine) is crucial because it acts rapidly to counteract the life-threatening symptoms associated with anaphylaxis. Epinephrine causes vasoconstriction, which helps to increase blood pressure, and it also relaxes smooth muscles in the bronchi, alleviating respiratory distress. Its quick action makes it the first-line treatment in emergency situations for reversing severe allergic reactions. Antihistamines and steroids, while important in managing allergies and inflammation, take longer to exert their effects and are not effective in the immediate treatment of anaphylaxis. Antihistamines primarily address symptoms like hives and itching but do not address the swelling and airway constriction rapidly. Steroids can help in reducing inflammation but take hours to days to show effects, which is not adequate for acute situations. As for oxygen, it is supportive in managing hypoxia but does not directly treat the underlying cause of anaphylaxis. Thus, adrenaline should be the first medication administered when anaphylaxis is suspected.